ZGC (Z Garbage Collector) is designed to manage memory in Java with a high degree of efficiency, offering a distinct approach to heap allocation. One key feature is the 32x virtual memory to physical memory ratio, which influences memory relocation strategies. The use of colored pointers allows for a more sophisticated addressing scheme where some bits act as flag bits, thus enhancing memory management and reducing overhead. By utilizing 44 bits to store actual data layouts within a 64-bit address space, ZGC can optimize the management of mappings between physical and virtual addresses, potentially reducing latency in garbage collection processes. This method reflects a trend towards increasing efficiency in memory allocation in modern programming languages and can present opportunities to improve system performance.