The post delves into the complexities surrounding the determination of causal relationships in research. It highlights the difficulties researchers face in establishing causality, particularly in the presence of unobserved variables and the challenge of measuring all relevant factors without overlooking harmful biases. The commenter suggests resources for deeper understanding, such as 'The Book of Why' by Pearl and Mackenzie, and discusses the philosophical implications of causality, as well as methodological preferences between Bayesian and Frequentist approaches to statistics.