Refactoring C++ code is a complex challenge due to the language's lack of standardized practices and various methodologies. Users emphasize the significance of performing incremental improvements, maintaining code readability, and employing version control and automated testing. Many comments highlight pitfalls in conventional refactoring methods, including creating unnecessary base classes, which may lead to over-complex designs. Tools like Structure101 and others provide visual dependency mapping for comprehensive refactoring, contrasting low-level changes (like renaming or moving functions) with deeper architectural adjustments that consider long-term technical debt. Best practices repeatedly mentioned include: 1. Test after each modification. 2. Make small and conscious adjustments. 3. Embrace the use of version control. 4. Keep the code easily readable. 5. Understanding and addressing technical debt directly. Additionally, there’s a movement towards integrating better tools to accommodate modern coding standards, especially as the paradigm and features of C++ evolve.