Terence Tao discusses the growing significance of computer-assisted proofs in mathematics, highlighting advancements and collaborative tools such as Lean that enable mathematicians to work collectively on complex proofs. The conversation reflects on the historical context of such proofs, like the four color theorem, which was the first major theorem proven using computers. The evolution of collaboration in mathematical proof development parallels methods seen in software engineering, enhancing the ability to validate and create new theorems through technology.