The Telum II processor discussed at Hot Chips 2024 introduces innovative caching strategies aimed at optimizing data management within mainframes. The strategy involves a virtual L3 and L4 cache that allows for efficient data movement, maintaining high speeds even after L2 or L3 cache evictions. The discussions highlight the advanced capabilities of the processor, given the substantial transistor count, enabling sophisticated memory optimizations. The comments indicate an appreciation for these innovations and raise questions about the programming languages still in use for mainframe applications, notably COBOL, which remains prevalent in certain sectors.