The persecution of pagans during the late Roman Empire primarily stemmed from the rise of Christianity as the dominant religion. Emperors such as Theodosius I took active measures to suppress pagan practices, banning traditional rituals and closing temples. This marked a significant shift in religious policy, aiming to unify the empire under Christianity while diminishing the influence of pagan beliefs. Key tensions during this period included the clash of cultural values, resistance from pagan communities and the increasing politicization of religion. Recent discussions highlight how these historical conflicts relate to contemporary debates about religious freedom and the impact of state policies on minority beliefs. The rise of intolerance in various forms remains a critical concern today, drawing parallels with historical incidents of suppression seen in the Roman era. Understanding this context can provide valuable insights into modern religious dynamics and the challenges faced by diverse faiths.