The serotonin theory of depression suggests an imbalance in serotonin levels as a cause of depression, which SSRIs aim to correct. However, recent discussions highlight the complexity of neurotransmitter systems, suggesting that SSRIs might not directly increase serotonin levels in a straightforward manner. Instead, the effects of SSRIs involve intricate changes in neurotransmitter dynamics, receptor adaptations, and may not fully address the underlying mechanisms of depression and associated disorders like anxiety. Criticism of SSRIs focuses on significant side effects, particularly regarding sexual dysfunction that can result in lasting consequences for users, raising ethical concerns over their widespread prescription, especially among younger populations. Importantly, while SSRIs may alleviate some symptoms, they can also lead to a reduction in quality of life due to these adverse effects. The challenge lies in balancing the need for effective depression treatments against the potential for serious side effects.