Recent research presents compelling evidence that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens not only engaged in interbreeding but also in cultural exchanges. The study published on Nature suggests that the two species participated in shared cultural practices, potentially influencing each other's technologies and social structures. The previous understanding of cultural exchange has been limited, potentially underestimating the depth of interaction between these ancient human relatives. This new perspective brings to light how complex and interconnected the evolution of early human societies may have been.